The Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) can be affected by many pathologies including internal derangements, arthritis, trauma, growth disorders, meniscal dislocations and neoplasia.
TMJ bone structures include the mandibular condyle and the glenoid fossa of the temporal bone. The soft tissues are the muscles, the ligaments, the meniscus.
In normal conditions the condyle and the articular meniscus move together back and forward.
Symptomatology starts when this mechanism is compromized.
DIAGNOSTIC:
* Clinics;
* X rays such as basic orthopantomogram;
* CT scan, for the study of the bony components;
* MRI for the study of the soft tissues, meniscus, ligaments.
TMJ PATHOLOGY:
* Congenital deformities, such as hemifacial microsomia, bilateral microsomia, Treacher-Collins Syndrome;
* Acquired growth anomalies: condylar hyperplasia, trauma;
* Ankylosis, occurs when condyle and glenoid fossa are fused with hypomobility or trismus of the mandible. The cause can be identified in trauma, especially non recognized fractures or non treated, infections and tumors;
* Condylar fractures;
* Dislocations;
* Benign and malignant tumors